Sunday, August 28, 2005

The rumblings: will there be a quake?

Although Pope Benedict XVI has apparently made no firm decision yet, the alarm is already going up about a Vatican plan to ban homosexually inclined men from admission to seminary training for the priesthood. In yesterday's issue of the British periodical Guardian Unlimited, it was suggested that the hammer has yet to fall because the Vatican did not wish to "tarnish" World Youth Day or, more broadly, sabatoge its so-far-successful effort to "soften" the image of the man called by many—and not always with affection—"The German Shepherd." If the draft document is eventually published and contains anything resembling such a ban, the explosion of outrage will exhibit the same intentional spin and the same unintentional irony.

The spin in such words as 'tarnish' and 'soften' is plain as a pikestaff. If the envisioned policy is adopted, it would amount to no more than a pastoral attempt to address two major problems, one of which is known to all the world and one of which is undeniable once one thinks about it. The more widely known problem is that the majority of minors sexually abused by Catholic priests are (or were, since most cases are fairly old) adolescent boys; the other problem is that homosexuals in the seminary live in close quarters with other men, some of whom are gay themselves and some of whom, gay or not, must pose a temptation. A new policy of keeping homosexuals out of the seminary would go a long way toward solving both problems. Is that so objectionable in itself? I am far from alone in thinking it is not. But what we hear so far is that announcing such a policy would spoil the Pope's PR efforts, as if that is what he and his advisors are mainly worried about. Since it's taken for granted that that is what every public figure is supposed to be most worried about, it does not occur to the writer that the Pope might have bigger fish to fry—like reducing the amount of sodomy on boys and preventing the perpetuation of homosexual cliques among priests.

And that points up the unintended irony in all this. For perfectly understandable reasons, nothing has provoked greater contempt for the Catholic Church in the last several years than the sexual abuse of minors by priests. Yet "progressives" never, ever say that part of the solution might to keep homosexuals, a good number of whom fancy adolescent boys, from entering the seminary—where they could and do fancy each other—or keep them from being ordained—a status that makes their pickings far wider. That would be so intolerant, so unenlightened, so "homophobic." No, their prescription is the same one they've been peddling since Vatican II—ordain women and married men too, thus making gender and marital status as well as sexual orientation irrelevant as criteria for ordination. The idea seems to be that, if the pool is dirty, you just add more water rather than remove the contaminants. We know how well that works. Is there any evidence that the clergy of the Episcopal Church in the U.S. and Canada, which includes women and married men as well as avowedly active homosexuals, is in better shape morally than the Catholic priesthood? Given the slope built by media bias, one has to labor uphill to learn that the answer is actually no.

To compound the irony, the very policy being contemplated and feared was actually adopted by the widely beloved Pope John XXIII in 1961! It has never been rescinded, but neither have most bishops paid it any notice. Some traditionalist Catholics, embittered by much that has taken place in the Church during the intervening years, blame John XXIII himself for such negligence. Whatever one may think of his policy of keeping the sins of priests as private as possible, largely by utilizing the seal of the confessional, there can be no doubt that one of its effects was to render his ban on homosexual seminarians a dead letter. But of course, some such sins have long been felonies under secular law and have recently been prosecuted as such in criminal courts. Now that they've occasioned huge civil-damage awards as well, the Church can literally no longer afford to avoid owning and attacking the deepest root of the problem. But the progressives are outraged by the very idea that said root is anything other than the tendency of bishops to dodge accountability and "openness." Thus if they had their way, the Church would remain permanently between a rock and a hard place.

For those who understand why, no explanation of that is necessary; for those who do not, no explanation is possible. The only objection I find worth considering is that renewing John XXIII's ban would substantially reduce the pool of candidates for the seminary. No doubt it would, at least in the short term; but it is at least arguable that such a pruning would facilitate new growth in the long term. My only fear is that the bishops, who seem collectively incapable of radical reform without Roman intervention, would find yet another way to make the ban a dead letter. It wouldn't be so hard: just take a man's word for it that he isn't gay. Lying to get what one wants is human nature, after all. Accommodating that wouldn't be good enough in today's climate; but refusing to accommodate it might expose the bishops to more bad PR than most seem to have the belly to handle.

So I say to Benedict: bring it on!

20 comments:

  1. ... renewing John XXIII's ban would substantially reduce the pool of candidates for the seminary.

    In theory, since male homosexuals are by most counts somewhere between two and four percent of the adult male population, the reduction should be minor.

    In practice, if there is something about the priesthood that tends to disproportionately attract homosexuals, then perhaps priestly formation or the role of the priest with his congregation needs reanalysis.

    The apostles, after all, managed to combine manliness with pastoral sensitivity...

    Craig

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  2. Craig's made a great point. We've got a society that equates masculinity with sinful promiscuity, measuring manliness by the number of women with whom one fornicates, while at the same time putting priest into the role of "sympathizer," a weak-willed role that isn't about driving people to move past their sins so much as making them feel OK about them. The priest should be the Christian counter-example to society: the man who is powerful exactly in his rejection of the way of the world. Or in other words, ANOTHER CHRIST! Those aren't just words, but the reality of this doctrine being drive home powerfully in the liturgy (actual practice, not just rubrics), people think they can just blow by it.

    If you don't believe in real religion, you don't believe in real priests either. Liberalism thinks the idea of real religion is passe', so it's no surprise that liberalism has coincided with taking what ought to be real concerns about the sacraments less seriously. Far from taking these things seriously driving people away from the priesthood, it is likely the reverse. Only by really manifesting Christ can the Church hope to draw men out of the world.

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  3. "being drive" should be "is not being driven." The perils of typing while exasperated. :-)

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  4. Craig:

    On both the personal and academic levels, I have had more than enough experience to learn that, even by the most conservative estimates, the percentage of homosexuals in the priesthood is substantially higher than in the general population. I also strongly suspect, though of course I cannot prove, that that has been so for a very long time.

    I would also argue that cause and effect here are bi-directional. The celibacy requirement is often attractive to homosexuals because, traditionally at least, being unmarried for that reason has occasioned much more respect than suspicion. At any rate, few will wonder why one is not married if one is a Roman Catholic priest! But given the relatively high percentage of homosexuals in the priesthood as well as the kind of work involved, that profession is not generally considered "manly" by men to whom that matters, which means most men. Just ask any Latin American.

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  5. Crimson:

    Before I react to your comment, let me just say how much I appreciate your contributions to Pontifications as well as on your own blog. You do the the kind of thinking we need more of from laymen in the Church, even if I sometimes disagree with you.

    The ideal of priesthood you describe is of course just what we need more men to emulate. That not enough do so is due partly to the homosexual representation in the clergy. But an even bigger factor is the one you touch on: too many priests are only "sympathizers" rather than challengers. Gay men tend to fulfill such a role better than straights; but a more basic problem is that, in an age of "cafeteria" Catholicism, far too many people want "listeners" more than they want apostles and rulers. To a considerable extent, we get the priesthood we deserve.

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  6. I rather disagree with this. I'm not sure I see banning homosexuals from the seminary as a reasonable response to the objections you seem to be raising towards their presence.

    I am by no means a progressive and certainly don't advocate married priests or ordaining women, so I think it's unfair of you to assert that anyone who isn't a liberal would agree with you.

    I posted a rather long post on this topic today and will try to condense what I had to say.

    The objection that placing homosexuals in a seminary exposes them to greater temptation is true, but it is condescending and unfair to assume that they are incapable of resisting such temptation. With the widespread availability of the internet, I fail to see how it's any easier for a homosexual to sin in seminary than for a heterosexual. Surely the heterosexual could just get online?

    Additionally, pedophilia is not limited solely to homosexuals and it is unfair to assert as such. The scandals that we witnessed may have been perpetrated in some instances by homosexuals, but pedophilia isn't about sexual orientation, it's an entirely different sexual perversion.

    If there is a problem with the priesthood, or at least priestly formation and the priesthood's image, is it really going to change by barring homosexuals from it? And why is there an assumption that homosexuals cannot fulfill the "manly" role that you are ascribing to the priesthood? I don't deny that the priesthood's image has problems or that our seminaries aren't in the best of shape right now, but I think that barring homosexuals from seminary could be an extreme measure that might backfire.

    (And sorry to prattle on, but does it not also raise the question of the validity of the ordination of homosexuals in the past?)

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  7. Michael:
    "You do the the kind of thinking we need more of from laymen in the Church, even if I sometimes disagree with you."

    It's OK; I forgive you for disagreeing with me. ;-)

    J/k of course. I am glad to contribute in the small way that I am able.

    david:
    Your reasoning is sound, but you may not realize that you may have announced your own solution. Transient SSA isn't, in principle, any more serious than transient illicit attraction of any other kind. If it is to the point where someone identifies himself as "homosexual," then it would likely present a problem for celibacy regardless.

    In cases of the priests that you mentioned, the ones that "seem" gay, I suspect that the great majority of them think of themselves as "chaste," not "would have been a homosexual had I let my lusts run wild." I don't think that anyone is suggesting attempts at mind-reading, just the common sense notion that if someone has either thought with sufficient focus on homosexuality or acted on those thoughts, there's a potentially serious problem with chastity involved. In that respect, it is to a large extent self-enforcing, in that if someone considers is a sufficiently serious problem that it comes up in formation, it probably is. And I don't see why fornication should necessarily be viewed differently, BTW.

    If someone's celibacy truly is a mighty struggle to maintain, even if someone truly reaches the point of mastery, then one has to wonder about the extent to which this is the gift of God that we revere in the priestly tradition. The responsibility on the priesthood is great enough without adding any more difficulty. I don't think that's being "deterministic" in the sense that the person will inevitably commit sin, or that it isn't a matter of free will, but rather it is discernment of God's will and calling as to whether the person is truly called to the life of priest.

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  8. Has anyone considered how the large number of homosexual priests frighten away heterosexuals who might otherwise consider the priesthood?

    I think the number of men entering seminary will increase after these new regulations take effect.

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  9. Gentlemen:

    This has been an excellent discussion so far. Thank you for your contributions. Just a couple of points to allay some of the concerns expressed.

    First, we are dealing to some extent with speculation about the Vatican's intentions. The relevant document has apparently gone through at least three drafts and is not ready for publication. There is no evidence, for example, that the final product will ban from seminaries every Catholic man who has ever experienced, or thought he has experienced, any degree of same-sex attraction. In adolescence especially, people can experiment with homosexuality and even mistake transient feelings as evidence of a rooted homosexual identity. Some Catholic psychiatrists believe that some men either choose, or are deceived into, "going gay" for such reasons. But I consider it unlikely that any ban would include men who, as they mature, have come to realize they are not irrefragably homosexual.

    Needless to say, a greater number of men who are, or at least, consider themselves, homosexuals experience themselves as having no choice in the matter. Most such men are not "pedophiles" in the sense of desiring sex with pre-pubescent children. But many are "ephebophiles" who thus desire sex with adolescent boys. There's nothing new about that; the dialogues of Plato evince how common it was among Athenian freemen well before the time of Christ. It remains very much a part of the homosexual subculture today. But gay men who are not ephebophiles, have no history of other sinful sexual behavior, and have never even belonged to the homosexual subculture are not unsuitable for the priesthood just because their sexual orienation is toward other adult men.

    Nevertheless, the Church might well wish to exclude them anyhow because, in contemporary culture, most such men who are Catholics tend to resent and/or oppose the teaching of the Church that SSA is "objectively disordered" inasmuch as it is an inclination to acts that are "intrinsically disordered." Such an inclination is not by itself sin or even evidence of sin in the one subject to it; hence one cannot usually hold the subject morally accountable for it. But it is "an evil" in the same sense that a tendency toward any other sort of intrinsically evil action is an evil: it is undesirable in itself inasmuch as it inclines one to sin. In conjunction with the attitude about Church teaching that is common among involuntarily gay Catholic men, that might suffice in B16's eye's to exclude them.

    None of the above is to deny that some gay men would make better priests than some straight men. This is a matter of assessing risk and potential benefit so as to see which outweighs the other. Obviously there is ample room for disagreement on how to do that. And that probably explains why B16 is taking his time about this.

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  10. I'm troubled by the question, "How do you tell?" I would certainly agree that a man whose identity is deeply invested in being "gay", who talks a lot about it and thinks a lot about it, is not a suitable candidate, for the same reason that a man who invests a lot of attention to being a "ladies' man" is not suitable.

    But what about the guy who is merely honest with himself? If this is to be "don't ask don't tell" aren't we weeding out the healthy gays in favor of the repressed and the closeted?

    (Also, Michael, there is what looks to be a big smudge on the bottom right side of your webpage. No, it's not on my screen - all other sites are clean on my viewer. ???)

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  11. Well, michigan, that should certainly identify those men who are acting out. I'd argue that men who are acting out sexually don't belong in seminary anyway, gay or straight. (What about the guy who goes out on dates with girls??)

    But it seems to me that what the Vatican is saying is much broader than that. They seem to be saying that anyone with an inclination towards same sex attraction is unsuitable. And, we would know that how, in a seminarian who is behaving himself appropriately?

    Even more troubling is the implication here: that celibacy is as a practical matter impossible for such a man. It would follow then that celibacy is likewise impossible for a homosexual layman - more so even. So, what does the Church teach when she calls homosexuals, all homosexuals, to lifelong celibacy? Is she hereby giving up on the, they're doomed?

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  12. Susan:

    In my previous comment, I addressed your concerns. I don't think the Vatican would hold that any man who has experienced SSA at any time is, just on that account, unsuitable for the seminary. Neither would I. The problem is really administrative.

    In today's climate, men who would hold that SSA is an irrefragable part of their personal identity are all too inclined to resent, if not actually reject, the teaching of the Church that such an "identity" is objectively disordered. Thus I would argue that, when presented with a self-proclaimedly "gay" candidate, the Church cannot prudently take the risk of ordaining such a man and therefore should not admit him to the seminary to begin with. That doesn't imply any moral judgment about him in particular. Indeed, the question of his actual behavior is irrelevant; it might even have been better than that of some heterosexual candidates. All such a policy would signify is a prudential judgment that, nowadays, such a man presents a risk too great for the Church to take.

    Given what's come to light over the last few decades, I should think that such a judgment has more support than did John XXIII's directive back in 1961.

    Best,
    Mike

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  13. A Soul:

    I too was sexually abused by a priest as a pubescent. As a young adult, I could not get into a seminary because I had been accused by his colleagues of being the seducer then and of being an inveterate seducer of others later. Such an absurd calumny can be considered a form of spiritual rape. But I do not question either Catholicism in general or the policy being considered now by the Pope.

    You need to brush up on your logic.

    Best,
    Mike

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  14. I don't think the Vatican would hold that any man who has experienced SSA at any time is, just on that account, unsuitable for the seminary. Neither would I. The problem is really administrative.

    What if he feels that not just "at any time" but also now?

    Does "administrative" mean "liability protection"?

    I have to admit that I am not a disinterested commentator. Two priests who have been extremely helpful to me spiritually, and whom I am proud to count as friends, are gay, a fact they freely admit. They experience this as an important element of their identity, and who am I to argue? They are both, to my knowledge and belief, celibate.

    Do we now, as our next step, laicize them?

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  15. Susan:

    Yes, the proposed policy is about butt-covering—literally as well as figuratively. After all the scandal and payout, I think that's at least understandable.

    The example of your priest friends show that it is possible to be gay and a good priest. The Vatican does not deny that, and neither do I. Nor is anybody proposing that gay men who have proven their worth as priests be laicized. The point is that the Church can no longer afford, in today's climate, to treat sexual orientation as irrelevant and thus presume that other gay men would make similarly good priests. Too much water has passed under the bridge since your priest friends were formed. One can point to far too many men, formed in the same setting as they, who went astray. And nowadays, self-avowedly gay men are even more likely to have the wrong attitude. I speak from experience on that.

    Best,
    Mike

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  16. Nor is anybody proposing that gay men who have proven their worth as priests be laicized.

    In logic, though, that's the next step. Why not? If they were unreliable 15 years ago, have they suddenly become reliable now?

    I've read your information, and I understand your position. However, I too was molested by a priest - a heterosexual priest, one assumes. So... we cannot ordain homosexuals and we cannot ordain heterosexuals? Talk about a priest shortage!!

    No one believes us girls. We were the evil temptresses.

    I'd suggest that the sample on which these ideas are based is baised. As usual, unhappily, the experience of males is more believed than the experience of females.

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  17. Susan, I think you're missing the logic of the proposed policy. The premise is that the Church can no longer afford the risk entailed by presuming that a gay candidate for the seminary would make a good priest ceteris paribus. That says nothing about your priests: when they were in seminary, such a presumption was operative and they have proved it true in their own case. Accordingly, there is no good reason to laicize homosexually oriented priests merely for being homosexually oriented, and it's not going to happen. There is reason to laicize only those priests who have seriously misbehaved and/or would not recognize such misbehavior as misbehavior. There are more such gay priests than you seem to think, and again I speak from experience.

    Your attempt to draw an equivalence between the misbehavior of straight and gay priests does not succeed. You suggest that the John-Jay study's sample is biased. I don't think it is. I don't know of a single reputable sociologist, including Andrew Greeley, who contests its methodology. And I don't think you've presented any evidence that "the experience of males is more believed" than that of females. Not only was my claim to have been abused not believed; I was accused of the sin myself! And I'm far from the only man I know who was treated in similarly revolting fashion as a boy.

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  18. Michael, well in all fairness I've probably known more misbehaving gay priests than celibate ones. (I've also known a number of misbehaving straight priests, but that's neither here nor there.) For my part I prefer gay priests because I feel safe with them, but that's probably just me. There is no question in my mind that a priest who frequents gay bars under the nickname "the Taco Belle" (he was Hispanic) should be laicized without delay.

    What troubles me about this pollicy is the presumed-guilty part - that merely because a man is attracted to other men, then it follows as the night the day that he cannot be trusted to be celibate. This casts rather a bleak light on the Church's insistance that gay laymen be celibate - are we saying that they're doomed? - and leaves out the undeniable fact that straight priests cannot be trusted to be celibate either, No one is without sin.

    I'm continually surprised and appalled when I run into men who were abused as children by priests. That there are so many of certainly lends support to your argument.

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  19. Greetings!

    I'll be brief, since I've written extensively of this topic on my blog anyway.

    I am an unabashed liberal who would seek to ordain women, married priests, and permit some sort of gay unions.

    I also do not oppose anyone, gay or straight, being admitted to a life of consecrated celibacy, and I believe gay men, even when living all male enviroments, often make excellent priests and are capable of chste celibacy if they so choose.

    The original post claims that the liberal position - one like my own - is that if the water is dirty, add more water, rather than remove the contaminants.

    I do not know a single liberal or progressive who holds that view privately or pulically. On the issue of sexual abuse of minors, the liberals are just as outraged as the conservatives!

    All of us - every Roman Catholic who isn't a pedophile or ephebophile (and even a few of these), want to see our children protected.

    The reason we oppose bans on gays as a way to do this is simple. Most gays are not pedophiles or ephebophiles, and those who have sex with minors aren't always gay even among the sample of priest abusers. It's simply unjust to discriminate against all gays because a tiny fraction that does something most gays find abhorrent.

    There is a profile for those who abuse minors, and what we would like to see the Church do is screen candidates meeting that profile - and perhaps even help to perfect that screening process.

    Also, since there have been gays in religious life dating back into the earliest centuries, we know gay men can live chastly in all male communities if celibacy is their calling.

    So both of your reasons for wanting to exclude gays from seminary simply don't make sense to us.

    Peace!

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  20. This will probably be my last reply since this thread will go to archive when I post again. For those who want to keep talking about this topic, I shall in due course post again on it.

    Susan:

    I don't suggest, nor do I believe the Vatican to be suggesting, that gay candidates should be "presumed guilty." The point is that even when there is no evidence that a self-avowedly gay candidate has acted or would act unchastely, cultural factors today influence gay men to tout the gay "identity" as something positive in its own right over against what the Church teaches about it. Even when that doesn't lead to actual misbehavior, it fosters a climate of clubbiness and mutual symptathy in which such sins tend to be downplayed, overlooked, or sometimes even defended. That is why, in my view, the Church can no longer afford to presume that a gay candidate would make a good priest ceteris paribus.

    Joe:

    There are two serious errors in your post that illustrate why I'm so unhappy with you progs on this topic.

    For one thing, you've missed my point altogether by talking about "minors" without distinguishing between pre- and post-pubescent minors. I'm told by mental-health pros that there is indeed a way to profile true pedophiles—i.e., those inclined to sex with pre-pubsescent children— and that that way can be used to keep them out. Such profiling would be discrimination; but given the gravity of pedophilia, nobody suggests that it would be unjust discrimination. Ephebophilia, however, is nowhere near so easy to profile, and for two reasons.

    First, many of its victims are at or above the age of sexual consent in some states. There is no clear borderline between sexual attraction to the legal and the illegal classes of adolescent boys. Second, ephebophilia has been a recognized and celebrated aspect of the homosexual subculture for at least two-and-a-half millennia. There is no practical way to screen it out without screening out homosexuals in general. That is one reason why it would not be unjust discrimination to do so.

    The other reason is the truth of which one of your tacit premises is the denial. God is not an equal-opportunity employer. Nobody has a human "right" to be a priest; hence no policy that keeps certain classes of people—women, married men, even gay men—out of the priesthood can fairly be considered unjust discrimination just on that account. And even though no prog would be so rhetorically suicidal as to say that the way to clean the pool is to add water, that is the logical outcome of their constant advocacy of addressing the problem partly by removing gender, marital status, and sexual orientation as disqualifiers for the priesthood.

    Best,
    Mike

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